Japaese's kanas =============== The encoding of this documents is UTF-8 Table format: - The first character is the kana character (UTF-8 character) - the second character is the romanji character Hiragana (ひらがな) =================== ┌--------------------------------------------┐ | あ a | い i | う u | え e | お o | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | か ka | き ki | く ku | け ke | こ ko | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | さ sa | し shi | す su | せ se | そ so | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | た ta | ち chi | つ tsu | て te | と to | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | な na | に ni | ぬ nu | ね ne | の no | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | は ha | ひ hi | ふ fu | へ he | ほ ho | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ま ma | み mi | む mu | め me | も mo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | や ya | | ゆ yu | | よ yo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ら ra | り ri | る ru | れ re | ろ ro | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | わ wa | ゐ wi | | ゑ we | を wo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | | | | ん n | | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | が ga | ぎ gi | ぐ gu | げ ge | ご go | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ざ za | じ ji | ず zu | ぜ ze | ぞ zo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | だ da | ぢ ji | づ zu | で de | ど do | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ば ba | び bi | ぶ bu | べ be | ぼ bo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ぱ pa | ぴ pi | ぷ pu | ぺ pe | ぽ po | └--------------------------------------------┘ Yōon-table for Hiragana ┌------------------------------------------┐ | || ゃ ya | ゅ yu | ょ yo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | き ki || きゃ kya | きゅ kyu | きょ kyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | し shi || しゃ sha | しゅ shu | しょ sho | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ち chi || ちゃ cha | ちゅ chu | ちょ cho | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | に ni || にゃ nya | にゅ nyu | にょ nyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ひ hi || ひゃ hya | ひゅ hyu | ひょ hyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | み mi || みゃ mya | みゅ myu | みょ myo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | り ri || りゃ rya | りゅ ryu | りょ ryo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | dakuten, 濁点 (だくてん) | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ぎ gi || ぎゃ gya | ぎゅ gyu | ぎょ gyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | じ ji || じゃ ja | じゅ ju | じょ jo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | び bi || びゃ bya | びゅ byu | びょ byo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | handakuten, 半濁点 (はんだくてん) | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ぴ pi || ぴゃ pya | ぴゅ pyu | ぴょ pyo | └------------------------------------------┘ Iteration marks 躍り字(おどりじ)[ogoriji] ゝ ゞ Needed for repetation of vocals/syllable, mostly used with kanji but there are some personal names like (さゝき) (Sasaki). Dakuten (″) is used with the mark if the repeated syllable should be voiced, for example みすゞ (Misuzu). If the first syllable is already voiced then the mark still needs the dakuten: じじ (jiji) should be written じゞ, otherwise じゝ is readed as jishi. Note: The syllable wa has its own kanas (わ and ワ). However, if wa is needed at the end of a word then it is written with the ha 'は' kana. Example (written only in hiragana) わたしはさくらです (watashi wa Sakura desu [I am Sakura]) Examples: ちよちゃん (Chiyo-chan) さかきさん (Sakaki-san) あずまなが (Azumanga) Katakana (カタカナ) =================== ┌--------------------------------------------┐ | ア a | イ i | ウ u | エ e | オ o | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | カ ka | キ ki | ク ku | ケ ke | コ ko | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | サ sa | シ shi | ス su | セ se | ソ so | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | タ ta | チ chi | ツ tsu | テ te | ト to | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ナ na | ニ ni | ヌ nu | ネ ne | ノ no | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ハ ha | ヒ hi | フ fu | ヘ he | ホ ho | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | マ ma | ミ mi | ム mu | メ me | モ mo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ヤ ya | | ユ yu | | ヨ yo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ラ ra | リ ri | ル ru | レ re | ロ ro | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ワ wa | ヰ wi | | ヱ we | ヲ wo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | | | | ン n | | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ガ ga | ギ gi | グ gu | ゲ ge | ゴ go | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ザ za | ジ ji | ズ zu | ゼ ze | ゾ zo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | ダ da | ヂ ji | ヅ zu | デ de | ド do | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | バ ba | ビ bi | ブ bu | ベ be | ボ bo | |--------+--------+--------+--------+--------| | パ pa | ピ pi | プ pu | ペ pe | ポ po | └--------------------------------------------┘ Yōon-table for katakana ┌------------------------------------------┐ | || ャ ya | ュ yu | ョ yo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | キ ki || キャ kya | キュ kyu | キョ kyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | シ shi || シャ sha | シュ shu | ショ sho | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | チ chi || チャ cha | チュ chu | チョ cho | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ニ ni || ニャ nya | ニュ nyu | ニョ nyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ヒ hi || ヒャ hya | ヒュ hyu | ヒョ hyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ミ mi || ミャ mya | ミュ myu | ミョ myo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | リ ri || リャ rya | リュ ryu | リョ ryo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | dakuten, 濁点 (だくてん) | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ギ gi || ギャ gya | ギュ gyu | ギョ gyo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ジ ji || ジャ ja | ジュ ju | ジョ jo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ビ bi || ビャ bya | ビュ byu | ビョ byo | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | handakuten, 半濁点 (はんだくてん) | |--------++----------+----------+----------| | ピ pi || ピャ pya | ピュ pyu | ピョ pyo | └------------------------------------------┘ Iteration mark 躍り字(おどりじ)[ogoriji] ヽヾ The same rules apply here as in the hiragana system. Example: マリア (Maria) アドヱス (aderesu = Address [E-mail]) ゼレビ (terebi = television)